Free

Unrestrained choice Versus Determinism Essay The selection I picked was â€Å"Free Will versus Determinism†, and I saw from the earliest starting point the piece was composed with motivations to help the substance. To begin with, the introduction presents two convictions; the conduct of particles is represented altogether by physical law, and people have choice. Following introducing these thoughts and scrutinizing the relations in the two, the portion discloses the legitimate way to deal with why they don't really support each other. Any contention that is introduced, or correlation of two perspectives, needs realities and motivations to affirm why the individual is attempting to persuade the peruser or other individual that the contention is upheld. Alluding to the two convictions introduced toward the start of the selection, the piece underpins the possibility that the conduct of particles is administered totally by physical law and people have through and through freedom don't have a harmonious relationship. Molecules will do what they need to do in view of physical law and its assurance of what every iota will do in the given conditions. This is truth which is introduced obviously and holds exactness. An understanding of the model given would be is in the event that a particle does Z in condition Q, at that point situation Q will bring about the molecule doing Z. By physical law, one can't foresee, change, or control what iotas do and how they do what they do. Proceeding to the following portion of the selection, it clarifies that choice is the thing that occurs, however didn't really need to occur. Not at all like iotas and how they are represented by physical law, unrestrained choice is something that must be summoned by a human. Decision is the root in choice and what an individual decides to do will have an outcome. In this second part I started to see the contention since it was the correlation with the main reality introduced, and reasons are given for why the contention is being made. A statement is composed into the end that calls attention to that people have unrestrained choice in a specific way, however it doesn't identify with how iotas are administered. The qualities that I discovered were the realities introduced and the clarification of the material. Likewise I like the request where the selection was composed. The two convictions were first, trailed by the scrutinizing of approval and reasons why the two convictions didn't fit well together as one conviction. I was unable to recognize any shortcomings in the selection, or parts that were superfluous. As expressed before the fragment was real, and the reasons were sufficient to persuade the peruser that the hypothesis introduced is precise. References: Moore-Bruder, (2008). Philospophy (seventh ed. ). : The McGraw-Hill Companies.

Review of Mobile Presence Services in Social Network Applications Free Essays

Audit ON MOBILE PRESENCE SERVICES IN SOCIAL NETWORK APPLICATIONS Abstractionâ€Today wide extents of roaming gadgets are accessible. As the utilization and building of migrant gadgets augmentations, cultural web applications are going famous. An imperative constituent of this cultural web application is roaming nearness administration, which keeps up each itinerant user’s nearness data. We will compose a custom article test on Audit of Mobile Presence Services in Social Network Applications or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now The nearness data implies the present position, GPS area of roaming client furthermore refreshes the user’s online friend’s data. As the update happen regularly, figure of message appropriated by nearness server may take to adaptability job.To indicate this activity, versatile server design called PresenceCloud is defined.In cosmopolitan itinerant media transmission framework ( UMTS ) , the nearness administration is performed by IP sight and sound core web subsystem ( IMS ) .A frail steady plan is utilized to chop down the presentment traffic. Presentment cut methods cut expected to prompt the nearness data to different clients. This paper makes a reappraisal on work trip mate list chase job.The result shows that PresenceCloud accomplishes open introduction expansion in the chase cost without bargaining chase fulfillment. Keywordsâ€social web ; traveling nearness administration ; nearness data ; I. Presentation Portable software engineering is human-PC by which a figuring machine is relied upon to be moved during typical use. This included roaming conveying, equipment and so on. Primarily roaming computing portrays about conveying among customer to server, customer to other terminal client, server to server and so forth. Today as the building and utilization of the internet augmentations, cultural web application/administrations ( representations are Facebook [ 1 ] , Twitter [ 2 ] , buddycloud [ 3 ] , Google scope [ 4 ] , foursquare [ 5 ] ) go well known in around the world. Numerous interchanges like confab, online concern, informations sharing and so on should be possible using cultural web application/administrations. Henceforth, it is inescapable that cultural web administrations will be the accompanying coevals of roaming the internet application. Portable nearness administration is one of the of import part in cultural web application. Portable nearness administration implies keep up-to day of the month nearness data of all migrant client. Nearness data incorporates area, position, movement and so forth about the traveling clients. Each roaming client has a rundown of friend’s list which we can name as pal list. On the different manus, we can express that amigo list contains the contact data of the client he/she needs to pass on. Each roaming client in the cultural web application gets data about their on-line companions/mates by means of the nearness data. The roaming user’s position is communicated naturally to the pal list at whatever point the client moves starting with one position then onto the next. So presentment is an of import partition in cultural web application. Most nearness administrations use server pack designing, to amplify chase speed and limit the presentment cut. The server engaged with this imparting, keeps up-to day of the month way of all these nearness data sing the roaming client. There are such a large number of issues in itinerant software engineering. Some are inadequate transfer speed, require cautious use of useful private web, PDA signs may do health occupations, signal employments during going, more force ingestion during less sign quality and so forth. In cosmopolitan roaming media transmission framework ( UMTS ) , the nearness administration is performed by IP interactive media core web subsystem ( IMS ) .Here a feeble predictable plan is utilized to chop down the presentment traffic. Subsequently presentment clasp can be cut bringing down. Presentment cut methods cut expected to prompt the nearness data to different clients. Prompt message gives conveying ( online confab ) between at least two clients over the internet. Microsoft dispatch, hurray messenger are a portion of the outlines for the text. Review of the accessible qualities, maps, engineering, conventions utilized in these well known masses IM web are portrayed. Other than examine favorable circumstances and weaknesses of these IM networks. In cultural web application a proficient and adaptable server-to-server sheathing engineering called PresenceCloud is utilized to better the effectiveness of migrant nearness administrations for huge scope cultural web. A majority based server-to-server engineering is utilized for effective amigo list chasing. The contrasting outcome shows that PresenceCloud accomplishes open introduction increases without giving chase fulfillment. Search fulfillment is characterized as the clasp it takes to look for the geting user’s pal list. II. Various engineerings This development portrays arranged technique or engineerings utilized in various frameworks. Here, first depicts about various qualities and maps bolstered by three most mainstream IM frameworks: AIM, Microsoft MSN and Yahoo! Flag-bearer. Second depicts, in cosmopolitan migrant media transmission framework ( UMTS ) web engineering, to chop down the presentment traffic a haggard reliable technique called deferred update can be utilized. Third portrays about harmony which give a versatile shared quest administration for web application. At long last, a productive and versatile server design called PresenceCloud is characterized. In [ 6 ] depicts various maps and attributes of three IM frameworks, for example, AIM, Microsoft MSN and Yahoo Messenger. Texting can be determine an open confab and so forth. In additional some give record transportation, webcam use, voice confabs meeting and so forth. Here the essayist looking at three IM frameworks ( AIM, Microsoft MSN and Yahoo Messenger ) .All of these IM frameworks utilizes customer server design. Supporting colossal figure of client is an of import issue in these IM frameworks. Two techniques are accessible: 1 is symmetric and other is awry. Every server performs unclear maps in symmetric technique and in lopsided strategy every server execute impossible to miss action relegated to it like sign in, identifying different clients, keep up visit room and so forth. For typical activity AIM utilizes customer server design and for voice confabs meeting utilizes shared assault. In this way two customers impart straight without using a confab room. For ordinary and voice confabs YMSG utilizes customer server engineering. Through brought together voice visit server YMSG voice traffic is steered. One preferred position of using this assault is that inside a similar confab room it can back up different clients and every client can specify their ain voice determination. For typical activity MSN utilizes customer server design and for voice confabs meeting utilizes shared approach.MSN voice visit meeting is constrained to two people. The greater part of the IM frameworks have procedures for keeping rundown of companions. They are called amigo list, permit rundown and square rundown. Mate list contain people groups that a client request to pass on and direct their quality. Square rundown contains people groups that a client request to blockade speaking w ith them, it’s other than called boycott. Permit list contains individuals that a client needs to pass on. MSN, AIM and YMSG contains amigo rundown and square list.MSN and AIM other than contain permit list. Many web conventions like TCP and IP have utilized parallel portrayal of informations in byte request. Application bed convention ( HTTP and SMTP ) have utilized content based assault. The upside of using bye request is that it bolsters proficient utilization of vast in the web. The benefit of content based assault is that the portrayal is nearer to human position data and investigating is easier.AIM and YMSG uses paired portrayal for their header.AIM contains two-level double portrayal called FLAP and SNAC bundles. Fixed length heading and variable length day of the month in FLAP bundles. SNAC bundles are subtype of FLAP bundles that contains fixes length Fieldss followed by a variable data constituent. img alt= src=https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/expositions/0870376.001.png/ Fig.1.AIM FLAP and SNAC bundle design YMSG has singular degree development for fixed Fieldss followed by factor length img alt= src=https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/papers/0870376.002.png/ Fig.2.YMSG bundle position One of the of import activity in IM providers are client send informations at over the top rate, immersion caused in the web due to futile traffic.TCP give some security component against this through blockage control.AIM has a perplexing calculation for understand this, yet it has diverse rate ( rates depend on a clasp window ) limits dependent on message type. The client will be cautioned, if the customer surpasses the rate and if this proceeds, the server will get down dropping message and will unplug the customer. YMSG has a bound of three IM every seconds. Another technique to limit the weight is by getting freed of inactive customers. Every framework in IM keeps up a keep-alive heartbeat message: the association might be ended if the customer does non gracefully beat message or reaction to the inquiry. In AIM the customer should coordinate this keep-alive message in consistently to the server. YMSG contains two sorts of heartbeat request: an essential and a secondary.MSN has cu stomer and server beat message. In [ 7 ] paper, to chop down the presentment traffic a weather beaten predictable plan is utilized. In IP sight and sound core web subsystem ( IMS ) , the nearness server is answerable for educating an approved onlooker regarding the refreshed nearness data. Nearness administration offers support to dish different user’s nearness data, for example, the client position, exercises, etc. In cosmopolitan itinerant media transmission framework ( UMTS ) web engineering, a client with client gear course nearness administration in IMS. At the point when the client gives in

Get Ready For the New SAT Essay Sample

Get Ready For the New SAT Essay SampleIf you have not learned how to write an essay, but still need a college degree, then you will be happy to learn that there are plenty of resources online that will help you learn. The problem is finding the resources that are right for you. New SAT essay samples can help you master essay writing in a short period of time.Most students will decide to take at least one SAT essay. They should make it their first attempt, and they may end up going back to retake the test. If you want to take the test again, but you are too busy or too lazy to do it yourself, then it is good news that there are resources available to you.The good news is that there are many sources for these essays. Some are for free, while others are subscription based. The free ones will have you writing an essay on the topic you chose, while the subscription versions will have you writing on another topic altogether. The entire process should take about a day, although some instruc tors may make you revise the paper as well.The essay samples available to you will teach you the format and structure of the paper. You will learn what types of grammar or spelling mistakes to watch out for. It is also very likely that you will learn where to insert and replace text.You may be surprised to learn that you will need to do some revision on your essay before the test. You may need to rearrange the essay in a more organized manner. You may need to make small changes, or even the entire document.You will also learn how to make use of different areas of the essay. While the samples may look like they are offering very basic ideas, you will learn that you can employ the various types of points. You will also learn how to organize your points into different sections.You can see how the topics of the essays will vary from person to person. Some people may need a few different samples to get started, while others may want to complete a few that are already on the market. There is no shortage of them.Students that want to improve their chances of getting into college are finding that the SAT is the one to use. If you want to use the practice test as a means of improving your score, then the SAT essay samples that are available online will be the best resource. You will be able to make sure that you do not lose any of the information.

The Right to Privacy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2435 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Narrative essay Tags: Human Rights Essay Did you like this example? Privacy, meaning the right to be left alone, has intellectual roots tracing back to the 19th century. On December 15, 1890, Samuel D. Warren and Louis D. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Right to Privacy" essay for you Create order Brandeis had their article à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Right to Privacyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  published in the Harvard Law Review. This article was highly regarded as one of the exceptional examples of the effect legal journals have on American law, and was the first of many future law review discussions. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“It is our purpose to consider whether the existing law affords a principle which can properly be invoked to protect the privacy of the individual; and if it does what the nature and extent of such protection isà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Gregory, Kalven, and Epstein 1133). Warren and Brandeis stressed the importance and necessity for some form of protection for the private individual when the press is overstepping their boundaries and the indecency their gossip creates. Several decades later, in August of 1960, William L. Prosser published his article à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Privacyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  in the California Law Review. In this article he outlined the four classifications of privacy law which are as follows: Intrusion upon the plaintiffs seclusion or solitude, or into his private affairs. 2. Public disclosure of embarrassing private facts about the plaintiff. 3. Publicity which places the plaintiff in a false light in the public eye. 4. Appropriation, for the defendants advantage, of the plaintiffs name or likeness. The second classification refers to publication of private matters, which will be the main focus of research and analysis for this paper. The most common definition of public disclosure of private facts is set forth in the Restatement (Second) of Torts and is adopted by many states: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“One who gives publicity to a matter concerning the private life of another is subject to liability to the other for invasion of his privacy, if the matter publicized is of a kind that, a.) would be highly offensive to a reasonable person, and b.) is not of legitimate concern to the publicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Gregory, Kalven, and Epstein 1152). This particular issue of invasion of privacy is weighed against the First Amendmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s protection s of free speech. Many judges and legal scholars find this particular tort to be the least favorable out of the four because it goes against the certain First Amendment principles. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“There is an undoubted freedom of the press, guaranteed by the constitution, which justifies the publication of news and all other matters of legitimate public interest and concernà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Prosser 642). Unlike libel or slander (defamation) truth of the private matter and disclosed information is not necessarily a defense. The second requirement, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“is not of legitimate concern to the publicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  gives the media what might be called the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“newsworthiness defenseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . However, a plaintiff must prove that an article isnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t newsworthy despite its publication, this is because the public interest of the subject is not presumed by the matterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s publication. A case involving private matters would be unsuccessf ul if it does not meet the two prong test: highly offensive and not of public interest (not newsworthy). Stated another way, even the highly offensive use of a subject will not render the media liable for damages if it can be proven that the material was, in fact, newsworthy. Guaranteed by the United States Constitution, there is an undoubted freedom of the press which justifies the publication of news and all other matters of legitimate public interest and concern. Beyond public figures or public officials, there are plaintiffs who have not sought publicity or consented to it, but through their own conduct or by mistake they have become à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“newsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Those who unwillingly attract public attention by being accused of crime, or becoming associated with crime, or suicide, or divorce or other interesting events, even as innocent bystanders, become reluctant public characters for a period, and until they have reverted to the lawful and unexcitin g life led by the great bulk of the community, they are subject to the privileges which publishers have to satisfy the curiosity of the public as to their leaders, heroes, villains and victimsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Prosser 643). In the decision of Melvin v. Reid 112 Cal. App. 285, 297 (1931) it was a rare exception to the area publication of private matters. Over the last century and since this case, the media almost always wins in any lawsuit and is typically protected for their publications. This case is best known to have set the stage for undermining privacy rights in public places. Gabrielle Darley had been known to live a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“colorful lifeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and at one time was involved in prostitution. After being arrested and tried for murder, a jury acquitted her and she decided to turn her life around. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“At this point, in 1918, she abandoned her life of shame, married Bernard Melvin, and lived a righteous life, earning a place in respectable societyà ¢Ã ¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Friedman 370). Many people she was then associated with knew nothing of her past. Soon her cover was blown when, in 1925, a movie appeared titled à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Red Kimonoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . The film was based on her life struggles and used her real name, leading Gabrielle Darley Melvin to bring a lawsuit. The California appellate court was sympathetic to Melvin in this case, saying the producers of the movie were wrong to destroy Gabrielleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s reputation and her social standing for no other reason than private gain. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“One of the most difficult questions in the law of defamation and privacy involves defendantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s liability for truthful statements about the plaintiffà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s past which are of no immediate relevance to current issues and injure the plaintiffà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s reputation and peace of mindà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Gregory, Kalven, and Epstein 1157). The issue of truthful accounts of the embarrassing past is also raised in the latter case of Briscoe v. Readerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Digest, 4 Cal. 3d 529 (1971). The producers of the film argued that all the facts in the movie were open and found in court records and were true and accurate. The Court ruled that the defendantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s actions were not justified by any standard of ethics or morals and, in fact, violated Gabrielleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s rights guaranteed by the California Constitution: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“to pursue and obtain happinessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . This case established California law that just because a matter is of public record does not necessarily preclude damages, and the court ruled in favor of Gabrielle Melvin. Today, this case would have been decided rather differently due to the fact that information in open court records is privileged as noted in Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn, , 420 U.S. 469 (1975). The case of Sidis v. F and R Publishing Co., 113 F. 2d 806 (1940) involved a man named William James Sidis who was a famous child prodigy in 1910. Sidis sued the New Yorker magazine for an article they published in 1937 describing him as a middle-aged, bizarre man who had failed to live up to his childhood success. Under the title à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Where Are They Now?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  the article on Sidis reported on his career as an insignificant clerk, his current housing situation, and other intimate details of his personal life. Sidis alleged in his lawsuit against the publisher of the New Yorker that these were private facts and sued for invasion of privacy. The Second Circuit court disagreed and found the article on Sidis both newsworthy and lacking highly offensive details. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The article in the New Yorker sketched the life of an unusual personality, and it possessed considerable popular news interestà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Gregory, Kalven, and Epstein 1151). This Sidis ruling is important for two reasons, the first is that a time lapse does not deprive the public of legitimate i nterest in a newsworthy person and the second is that there is no liability unless the personal facts are highly offensive. In this case and many after, the judge agreed that public interest trumps offensiveness. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The lapse of even a long period of time after events which are legitimate à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“newsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  at the time will not necessarily destroy the privilege to receive the events and remind the public of those who took part in them, since the press is no less privileged to discuss the past than the presentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Prosser 644). The Court ruled for the defendant, F and R Publishing Co., because even though there was the notion of a time lapse, Sidis was still of public interest and newsworthy so publications should not be restricted or barred on their expression and the publication itself was not highly offensive. In 1967, Readerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Digest published a story entitled à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Big Business of Hijackingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  describing the serious problem of repeated commercial truck thefts. In the case of Briscoe v. Readerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Digest, 4 Cal. 3d 529 (1971). The story included Marvin Briscoeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s name and how he stole a truck in Danville, Ky., and went on to serve jail time eleven years earlier. In the eleven years since his crime, Briscoe was married and had a family who knew nothing of his past. After the article was published he was à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“scorned and abandonedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  by his family, friends and society. The California court discussed Briscoeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s cause of action, taking the position that even if the incident was protected by the newsworthiness privilege, identification by name was not. However, the Court ruled that Readerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Digest had the right to report the facts of the plaintiffà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s criminal act. This is due to the fact that media publication of the circumstances under which crimes were committed in the pas t may prove to be educational in the same way that reports of current crimes are. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“It is for the trier of fact to determine (1) whether the plaintiff had become a rehabilitated member of society, (2) whether identifying him as a former criminal would be highly offensive and injurious to the reasonable man, (3) whether defendant published this information with a reckless disregard for its offensiveness, and (4) whether any independent justification for printing plaintiffà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s identity existedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Gregory, Kalven, and Epstein 1157). The U.S. Supreme Court found for Readerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Digest on the basis that Briscoe was still newsworthy because the incident was a matter of public record even though there was a time lapse. The first à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“trueà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  privacy case that reached the Supreme Court was Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn, 420 U.S. 469 (1975). The Court held that civil liability in a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“trueà ¢Ã¢â€ š ¬Ã‚  privacy action could not be imposed upon a broadcaster for truthfully publishing information released to the public in official court records. The father of Cynthia Cohn sued Cox Broadcasting because of a TV news broadcast of the fact that his daughter was a rape victim. At this point in time, four states (Georgia, Florida, South Carolina and Wisconsin) had laws barring the publication of rape victimsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ names. Since this was a case that took place in Georgia, the publication was alleged to be in violation of Georgia statute and the father sued for invasion of privacy. Cox Broadcasting Corp. argued that the information was lawfully obtained because a reporter learned the victimà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s name from a court indictment given by a police officer by mistake. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Once true information is disclosed in public court documents open to public inspection, the press cannot be sanctioned for publishing ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Gregory, Kalven, and Epstein 1163). The issue that the press was overstepping its boundaries by publishing essentially private information dates back to the main thesis Warren and Brandeis had published in their article. The Court found for Cox Broadcasting Corp. because the public interest was presumably being served when the information was placed in the public domain on official court records. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Courtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s decision to uphold the rights of a free press reinforced other landmark free press decisions in this century that allowed the rights of the press to outweigh those of the individual citizenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Duffy 543). The Courtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s decision in this case may have freed the press from certain restriction imposed by individual states, however it placed a greater responsibility for self-restraint on the press. The law is clear on this particular matter, however the ethical and moral issues are a bit more complicated. The case of Virgil v. Time Inc., 527 F. 2d 1 122 in 1975, involved a long article on a body surfer named Mike Virgil published by Sports Illustrated Magazine, which is owned by Time Magazine. This particular case demonstrated how a seemingly harmless profile story can lead to expensive litigation. Initially, Virgil cooperated with the magazine in an interview for the article and in it he outlined some of his personal, reckless and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“stupidà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  traits. After the story was published Virgil sued, arguing some of the embarrassing aspects of his life should not have been reported, though he gave consent to the interview. The appellate court of California disagreed and ruled that although the personal details may have been embarrassing they provided important context to the story of his public personality. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Courts often consider the following three factors in determining if the private facts in question are of legitimate public concern (i.e. are newsworthy). (1) The social value of the private facts that were published. (2) How deeply the disclosed private facts cut into ostensibly private affairs. (3) The extent to which the plaintiff (the individual to whom the private facts pertain) voluntarily rose to a position of public notoriety.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Pember and Calvert 304). Judges in these types of cases often observe that newsworthiness is measured by an individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s right to keep private facts from the public against the publicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s right to know and interest. The Court said the story was acceptable because the elements of what constitutes a private matter that should not be published were not met, therefore they found for Sports Illustrated/Time magazine. In addition to newsworthiness, a private personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s consent to some part of the publication can also protect the publisher from liability in a private matters case. In todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s society it is important journalism practice to always self-identify and c learly state that what is interviewed may be published or broadcast. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“You can use aninterview release form.This release can help protect you againstmisappropriation and right of publicityclaims in addition to publication of private facts claimsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Digital Media Law Project).With the current expansion of individuals using social media and other Web sites, it is easy to question whether people still value their privacy as much as the past. Stories are published and broadcasted daily in newspapers, on television and on the internet creating fast dissemination of information that may be about the private lives of public persons. These publications however, seem to get the most attention from viewers which rehashes issues of the past because the public interest in stories in most cases trumps offensiveness of the publication. It is easy for journalists and reporters to become desensitized to the information they release to the public, but that should never be used as a reason to deny the public information that has legitimate public interest and concern.

Hip Hop A Whole New View - 2776 Words

Daniel Thomsen English Professor O’Shaughnessy May 14, 2015 Hip Hop: A Whole New View There are a lot of trends in today’s generation that are new and have never been seen before. Social media is a huge one. However, there is a specific aspect of our generation that started from the generation before us. This is a huge part of the culture of young adults today and means a lot to many teens. That part of the culture is music. Music has this weird way of bringing together people from all walks of life. Music sensation, Rihanna, has her own song titled â€Å"Please Don’t Stop the Music†, which talks about how music gets people grooving. Within the music category, the focus will be hip hop and the culture of hip hop. Many people believe that hip†¦show more content†¦For example, it is found that eighty percent of the rap music that is currently on the top ten lists around the world contains violence. They glorify the acts of beating up another person, or even worse shooting them. Looking like someone who just got released from prison in their eyes is a good thing. However, what these people do not realize, is that this is the best way these artists know how to express themselves. â€Å"Although rap music and hip hop are often used interchangeably, rap is only one of (at least) four elements of hip hop† (Moore, 2008). The other three components of hip hop culture are: DJ-ing, breakdancing, and visual/graffiti art, however the aspect most people focus on is the musical aspect. It really is just like any other form of music, where an artist uses that style of music to express themselves. The common notion is that hip-hop music also seems to glorify is that what matters most when looking for a good woman is what her body looks like. This is why there are so many teenagers who have eating disorders or other emotional problems. But today, there are many artists of this genre that care about what women are like deeper than just a physical attraction. For example, Tupac Shakur’s song â€Å"Keep Ya Head Up† is a song telling women how important they are to our society, telling men to treat women with respect, and most importantly, keep your head up. â€Å"You know what makes me unhappy (what’s that), when brothas make babies, and leave a young mother

Approaching Nathaniel Hawthorne Insight - 538 Words

Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote one of the most studied short story in literature, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†. This short story is widely use because of the deep meaning and strong internal attachment it has with the reader. Nathaniel Hawthorne was born in Salem, Massachusetts his family had been early settlers, one of his great-grandfather was a judge during the Salem witch trials and had twenty-five women killed. Hearing his great-grandfather talk about this subject made Hawthorne both obsessed and a little ashamed for what his family has done during the Salem witch trials. Hawthorne put those feelings into his stories which in reality explore what the events that happened in the puritans’ life style. As stated before Nathaniel Hawthorne was born in Salem, Massachusetts 1804, and his family were original settlers to Salem since colonial times. Hawthorne’s â€Å"father died when he was four, (Approaching literature 1388) Hawthorne then was raised by his mother until his gift was discovered. Later his relatives recognized Hawthorne’s literature talent and financed his education at Bowdoin College. At Bowdoin College Hawthorne met Henry Wadswort, who would go to be a famous poet, and Franklin Pierce, who would later on be the President of the United States. After graduating, â€Å"Hawthorne lived at home writing short â€Å"tales† and a novel, which he self-published in 1828†¦ (Approaching literature 1388).† When Hawthorne wrote the story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† he attempted to set it in theShow MoreRelatedNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1083 Words   |  5 Pagesthis time period, including Nathaniel Hawthorne. One of Hawthorne’s most known stories is â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† – a story wherein Hawthorne mixes faith and history to demonstrate humanity’s struggle with sin. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† could possibly be regarded as a Spiritual story of symbols and inevitably as a disapproval of Puritan Calvinism. This is apparent once someone considers the tale through a mixture of symbolism and an intellect of the Puritan beliefs. Hawthorne incorporates symbols and allegoriesRead MoreSimilar Gothic Elements in the Work of Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne2436 Words   |  10 PagesWork of Edgar Allan Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne Nathaniel Hawthorne and Edgar Allan Poe are considered masters of American gothic fiction. They used similar gothic elements in their writing and used it to build up a sense of impending doom. Even today numerous readers enjoy, study, and discuss the gothic elements both utilized in their work. Gothic writing is a style that is concerned with the dark side of society, an evil that lies within the self. Poe and Hawthorne contributed stories whichRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesoccur in real life, their use in literature becomes suspect if they seem to be merely an artificial device for arranging events or imposing a resolution. Such events tend to mar or even destroy a plot’s plausibility and unity. Analyzing Plot In approaching a work of fiction for the first time, we can analyze the plot by attempting to answer such questions as the following: 1. What is the conflict (or conflicts) on which the plot turns? Is it external, internal or a combination of the two? 2. What

Inglenook Dairy and the Australian Dairy Industry

Question: Discuss about the Inglenook Dairy and the Australian Dairy Industry. Answer: Introduction The dairy industry is the third largest rural industry in the country after the wheat and beef. It is worth $13 billion with a gross value of $4 billion in farm gate alone. It is responsible for farming, manufacture and exportation of milk and dairy products. The industry houses more than 6,000 dairy farmers who produce approximately 9.7 billion litres of milk each year. Over 40,000 people are employed directly in the farms and factories with an additional 100,000 and more in indirect employment in services related to the industry(Dairy Australia, 2014).As one of the leading rural industries, dairy generates economic value to the regions in which the industries are located through downstream processing and value addition to dairy products. Most of the milk processing is done in the areas close to where milk is processed and thus it generates economic activity and creates employment. The industry is well developed across the temperate and subtropical regions of the country. The major milk producers are located in the south-east states where the manufacturing of long lasting products like cheese and milk powder is concentrated. Other smaller dairy industries are situated across the states within the country, producing high quality consumer products such as fresh milk, yoghurts, and a variety of cheese. These products are supplied to nearby towns and cities, while some is exported. Dairy processing There are two main production areas within the dairy industry(Datamonitor, 2000). First is the milk production in farms where farmers rear animals (cows, goats and sheep) for production milk. Second is the milk processing stage-this stage is responsible for ensuring that milk from production lasts long enough to reach the intended market. The objective is achieved through heat treatment of the milk and preparation of a range of milk products that can be stored for longer periods. In Australia, large-scale milk processors are owned by co-operatives belonging to dairy farmers. The processed milk and dairy products are sold in wholesale to distributors who then sell it to retailers and consumers. Processes involved in a milk plant include: Raw milk is received, filtered and checked for freshness and consistency All or part of the milk fat is separated for production of butter and cream, as well as to standardise milk for the market. Pasteurisation If required, the milk is homogenised and deodorised Packaging and cold storage Distribution Processing of butter involves the following procedure: Cream preparation Water emulsion, and destabilising and breaking down of fats Fat particles are aggregated and concentrated Formation of a stable emulsion Packaging, storage and distribution Cheese production Reception of milk, pre-treatment and standardisation Pasteurisation Addition of starter culture Coagulation Cutting and treatment of curd Extraction of whey Salting Ripening Packaging and distribution Milk powder Milk powder processing undergoes the following basic processes: Preheating of standardised milk Evaporation through spray drying Packaging, storage and distribution Distribution and marketing of milk products and processed milk is done through milk dealers. These are wholesalers, supermarkets and other retail chains. The dealers conduct marketing operations like procurement, transportation and delivery operations.Supermarkets take a major share of the distribution with about 54%. Other distributing firms are as well taking a huge portion of volumes in bottled or packaged milk from the processors. In addition, there are sub dealers and agent distributors. Structure of the intermediate market and their pricing power Milk production: Farms are perfect competition in nature as there is large number of farms, across different regions of Australia. Although the number is not infinitely large, products are similar for all the farms. Therefore, farms are mainly price taker. They have no such power of determining price. Farms only charge the market equilibrium price. Butter production: Monopolistic competition in nature with large number of butter manufacturing companies producing differentiated products. Butter is sold in different categories based on calorie value and tastes. As products are differentiated, producers have power to determine their product price. Cheese production: Cheese production industry is monopolistically competitors due to presence of significantly large number of cheese manufacturers. This market is monopolistically competitive as competition prevails although having distinguishing features of every brand. Mainly five types of cheese such as cheddar, semi hard, hard grating, fresh and mould are produced in Australian market (Dairy Australia, 2014). Companies bring differentiated products in these categories to compete with each other. Pricing power presents with some degree of market power. However, price rise is not possible often due to presence of close substitutes unless brand value is very high. Milk power processing: This industry also can be said monopolistic competitive as number of milk power producer is more than 30 in the Australian market. This industry product is categories into three categories such as whole milk power, skim milk powder and buttermilk powder (Dairy Australia, 2014). Therefore, product differentiation strategies used by the companies in order to possess some extent of market power to charge price greater than their marginal cost of production. Oligopolistic Nature of the Australian Dairy industry Similar to other businesspersons, milk dealers compete among themselves in prices and services, as well as in the quality, packaging and variety of the products they offer. They also compete through advertising and product promotion. Dealers in Australia however are trying to avoid direct price competition(Dairy Australia, 2014). The basic competition in the dairy industry has increased the degree of interdependence among firms. This is mainly in pricing decisions where the firms know that rivals will meet any price changes and that when the market price is reduced, the overall sales revenues will as well reduce for the distributors. Competition within the market is because there is a relatively small number of entities with a sizeable portion of the market. These dealers buy milk from co-operatives at about the same prices. In addition, the products are close substitutes of each other within the same variety, and their consumption is slightly inelastic to changes in price. Implications of the Market Structure Because of the above conditions, the firms in the dairy industry have to be aware of the activities of their rivals when making price decisions. Price reductions have a huge implication in the market and can end up reducing revenue for the entire market. It is only the small dealers who control a small portion of the market who can change their prices. Minor dealers know that the competitors will not challenge these changes in prices. In addition, retaliatory price reductions could be hazardous to the market and all the firms know the danger of this strategy(Karantininis Nilsson, 2007). If the prices are increased in the entire market, total revenues could also increase. However,individual firms are reluctant to increase their prices because of the fear that its rivals could not follow. This could be disastrous to a firm as it can end up losing sakes. Therefore, established dealers who know had better often restrain themselves in price competitions because of the fear that rivals may not cooperate or may even impose retaliatory prices(Karantininis Nilsson, 2007). This tendency of letting the prices be is not only observed in the dairy industry, but also in many other oligopolistic sectors of the Australian economy. Inglenooks Strategy Inglenook plans to verticallyintegrate its processing, distribution and marketing activities. Furthermore, it will differentiate and distribute its products according to the market needs. This step will give the company a competitive advantage over its rival who are non-integrated. The customers of the companys products will most likely choose its products because of lower costs, and better quality products that are tailor made for their needs. Integration of operational activities will ensure that the company will not rely on external suppliers. In this way, the company will face fewer disruptions in its activities and avoid disputes that are related with working with third party companies. Integrated milk processing and distribution means that inglenook will have a better control over its marketbecause it will now go around providers and distributors. The benefit of this is that it will be able to reduce its internal costs and will have better delivery of the differentiated products fit for individual needs of the markets. Shortages of critical elements will also be outdated. In addition, the company will have economies of scale the manufacturing process will be more efficient because of the vertical integration. Vertical integration of operations will however come at a cost to the company. Inglenook will need to invest a lot of capital in setting up processing plants and chains of distribution. More capital will go into research and development of differentiated products. These plants will have to keep running even in the low seasons to ensure efficiency and long run profit margins. This cost can be a threat to the long run profits. Opportunities to long run profits Vertical integration will reduce costs of operation through economies of scale. This will ensure that the company maximises profits in the long run. In addition, there will be fewer interruptions in production and the differentiated products will fetch more both in the local and in the foreign market. Vertical integration and product differentiation will involve many initial costs in setting up plants and distribution mechanisms, as well as in the development of new differentiated products. This may affect the profitability of the firm in future. However, this will be until the plants are efficient. Inglenook will have to conduct extensive market research to acquaint itself with the individual tastes and preferences of the market segments in which it intends to sell the differentiated products. The market research will ensure that it avoids mistakes that could lead to losses in production. Furthermore, the market research can open up other opportunities like price discrimination that will enable inglenook to maximise its profits further. References ABC Rural (2013) Milking the profits whos talking the cream? 10.05.2013 https://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-04-22/milk-wars/4639078 Chandan, R. C., In Kilara, A., In Shah, N. P. (2016).Dairy processing and quality assurance. Dairy Australia. (2003).The Dairy Australian: News for the manufacturing sector from Dairy Australia. Southbank, Vic: Dairy Australia. Dairy Australia (2012) Dairy 2012 Situation and Outlook Summary Report https://www.dairyaustralia.com.au/~/media/Documents/Stats%20and%20markets/S%20and %20O/S%20and%20O%20May%202012/Situation%20%20Outlook%20Summary%20Report% 20FinalLR%20FINAL.pdf Dairy Australia. (2014).Australian dairy industry in focus. Datamonitor (Firm). (2000).Dairy in Australia. New York, NY: Datamonitor. Fulkerson, W. J., Doyle, P., Victoria. (2001).The Australian dairy industry. Melbourne: Dept. of Natural Resources and Environment. Hedlund, G. W., New York (State). (1964).Market structure, competition and regulation in the distribution of fluid milk. Albany?: Committee on Milk Marketing. Joskow, P. L. (January 01, 2010). Vertical integration.Antitrust Bulletin,55,3, 545-586. Karantininis, K., Nilsson, J. (2007).Vertical Markets and Cooperative Hierarchies: The Role of Cooperatives in the Agri-Food Industry. Dordrecht: Springer. Lee, Tim (2012) Milk Wars, ABC Landline, 06.08.2012 https://www.abc.net.au/landline/content/2012/s3561483.htm (Both the television program and the transcript of the program is avalaible) Mazzarol, Tim (2014) The role of co-operative enterprise in Australian agribusiness, The Conversation,19.01.2014 https://theconversation.com/the-role-of-co-operative-enterprise-in-australian-agribusiness-22147 Reisinger, M. (2004).Three essays on oligopoly: Product bundling, two-sided markets and vertical product differentiation.